Ambisonic microphones are specialized recording devices designed to capture sound in full spherical detail. Unlike traditional microphones that capture audio in a single direction, ambisonic mics record sound from all directions, capturing the full 360-degree audio field. They utilize multiple capsules arranged in a specific pattern to capture not only the intensity but also the directionality and spatial information of sound. This enables the creation of immersive audio experiences that can be reproduced and manipulated for various applications, including virtual reality, 360-degree video, and other spatial audio projects.
First Order Ambisonics (FOA): Captures sound in three dimensions (X, Y, Z) and is the most common format. It uses four channels (W, X, Y, Z) to record sound, allowing for basic spatial representation.
Second-Order Ambisonics (SOA): More complex than FOA, SOA employs nine channels (W, X, Y, Z, V, T, U, R, S) to capture additional depth and detail. Provides a more nuanced and accurate representation of sound.
Third Order Ambisonics (TOA): The most complex TOA uses 16 channels (W, X, Y, Z, V, T, U, R, S, Q, O, P, M, N, K, L) to capture Extremely detailed and realistic spatial audio. It offers the highest level of precision but also requires more processing power and storage.
Each higher order provides greater spatial resolution, offering more accurate representations of sound directionality and depth in immersive audio environments.